![]() Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. ![]() Lynch, Brooke Nelson, Julie Tatlockīook title: World History Volume 1, to 1500 We recommend using aĪuthors: Ann Kordas, Ryan J. They built strong levees, or earthen walls, to keep water out of their cities. Use the information below to generate a citation. in the Indus Valley were laying the bricks for Indias first cities. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission. Indeed, these South American civilizations were part of an even larger number of cultures, empires, and architectural traditions that spanned the entire Western Hemisphere and were built by the descendants of migrants who reached the Americas several thousand years ago. While the Inca Empire was impressive and politically, religiously, and technologically sophisticated, it was merely the last of many Andean civilizations and cultures stretching back thousands of years. Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE 2 by 4500 BCE, settled life had spread, 2 and gradually evolved into the Indus Valley. 1 The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Later rulers continued this expansion, bringing much of western South America under their rule. Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. Under Pachacuti Yupanqui, from their Andean home city of Cuzco, the Inca extended their control and built a large empire in Peru. India is a country in South Asia whose name comes from the Indus River. ![]() Once a palace and royal retreat for the conquering Inca ruler Pachacuti Yupanqui, the complex was begun in the mid-fifteenth century CE and remained occupied until shortly after the Spanish arrived in the following century. The stunning ruins of Machu Picchu, situated in the Andes Mountains between two sharp peaks almost eight thousand feet above sea level, continue to attract visitors from around the world ( Figure 8.1). This book presents a complete and accessible description of the history of early India.
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